Sunday, April 14, 2013

Child Victimization in Arizona


1.      I consider child abuse any type of injury to a child that is detrimental to them. I believe that child abuse can be both mental and physical whether it’s physically beating a child, starving them, or degrading them verbally.

 

2.      I personally don’t think spanking is child abuse, because I was spanked as a kid and I don’t feel like it was abuse. But I feel like it can come to that because some parents take it to the point of abuse and then try to justify their actions by defining it as “spanking”.

 

·         It’s hard for me to decide whether or not spanking should be allowed because there are a lot of variables and I also feel that it depends on the child. Some children need to be spanked just cause that’s the only way they will learn not to misbehave, however some people can learn right or wrong just by being grounded, or put in time out. Additionally like I previously mentioned, I just feel like spanking leaves room for abuse to happen. So I am on the fence about it.

 

3.      I think punishment in public should become a public concern when it gets out of control. For instance my friend works at home depot and had to call the police on a woman who was basically punching her child in the face in public. The child was autistic, did something the mother didn’t like, and then the lady just snapped and started wailing on her child. The worst part is everyone else just watched.  So obviously that would be a situation that got out of hand.

·         I would say an acceptable form of punishment would be like slapping a child on the wrist or hand, or reprimanding them if need be.

·         Unacceptable public punishment would be to pull your child’s pants down and spank them on the spot.

 

4.      Whether in the Phoenix area, or anywhere in Arizona “Sexual Exploitation of a Minor” (i.e. “Child Pornography”) is a class two felony.  The crime is committed if any person knowingly records, films, photographs, duplicates, develops, sells, purchases, transports, or electronically transmits or receives any visual depiction of a minor engaged in sexual conduct or exploitive exhibition. This is a very broad statute and covers a wide range of potentially innocent conduct. If the photographs include children who are fourteen (14) years of age or younger, it is a Dangerous Crimes against Children (DCAC) and carries a very severe penalty. A first offense carries the following punishment for each and every conviction: ten (10) years minimum in prison; seventeen (17) years presumptive in prison; twenty-four (24) years maximum incarceration. The maximum penalty on a Sexual Exploitation charge actually carries more time than the maximum penalty on a Second Degree Murder charge.

·         Arizona takes sexting just as serious as its child porn laws. It has been a major problem there and holds the same penalty of the child porn statute which carries a presumption prison term of 17 years with no probation.

·         They define sexting as using a mobile phone or any other means to: record, film, photograph, develop or duplicate, distribute, transport, exhibit, receive, sell, purchase, electronically transmit, possess, or exchange any visual depiction in which a minor is involved in exploitative exhibition or other sexual conduct.

·         I think that sexting should be punished, but that the severity is dependent on the situation. I feel like if a minor really is being exploited by his/her offender, like being blackmailed or something, then obviously the offender should be severely punished depending on what he did with the picture. By this I mean some jail time if need be, or something else that fits the crime. However many young adults in this day and age sext freely without thinking of the consequences, some girls are fine with the world seeing their goodies, so I feel as if they shouldn’t be given as much sympathy if they put themselves in that position in the first place.

 


This article is about “Operation Sunflower” which was launched in November, as a worldwide month long international child-porn investigation. Three amongst two hundred forty five offenders were found in Phoenix, Arizona. Authorities held that 44 children were rescued from their abusers and 79 were identified as either being exploited by others outside their home or are now adults who were victimized as children. Five were under the age of three. Among those arrested were 51-year-old Gerald Roberts, of Pageland, S.C., who is accused of producing child pornography using a 6-year-old girl. Roberts, who has pleaded not guilty, was arrested Nov. 8 and is facing federal charges. Michael Wioskowski, 54, of Eastpointe, Mich., was arrested Nov. 27 on charges of possession and receipt of child pornography. Investigators found a video in his home of two underage girls showering at his house when they served a warrant at his home. Wioskowski was a court security officer and formerly a reserve police officer in Michigan.

 

6.      Media


The first link is a child abuse PSA shows a little girl being verbally and physically abused from when she is little to about sixteen years old and then she runs away because it’s too much for her.


The second link is the movie trailer for the movie Precious based off of the critically acclaimed novel Push. This movie is about a young girl who is abused by her mother and who was also sexually abused by her father, and the effects it had on her growing up.

Sunday, March 31, 2013

Murder


1.      The act of killing a person whether deliberately or unintentionally, is known as homicide. This is then broken down further into different types/degrees such as justifiable homicide, or criminally negligent. Manslaughter is a type of criminal homicide without malice or premeditation.

Murder unlike manslaughter, does require malice, either express or implied. Murder can be categorized by the degrees first, second, and third however not all jurisdictions use these classifications.


The article I found is one which is very popular presently and being televised on every news station, the Jodi Arias case. Arias is 32 and is accused of first degree murder in the death of her former boyfriend Travis Alexander. Prosecutors say that in the summer of 2008, after the couple had broken up she stabbed him 27 times slit his throat and shot him in the head as he showered. Arias plead not guilty and remained in jail. Since the trial began the premise that she was simply a victim of domestic violence who finally snapped has been suggested. If convicted she will face the death penalty. Her case has been very publicized similar to that of Casey Anthony’s, so far it will have cost tax payers 1.4 million.

 


Another popular trial is that of Amanda Knox. She was studying abroad in Italy when her roommate a British college student was found dead in November 2007, her throat slashed in an Italian villa that she shared with Amanda, as well as Amanda’s then boyfriend. The two were then tried for murder. This case been ongoing since 2007 and recently the Italian Supreme Court has demanded a retrial of the case although they had found the two not guilty and Amanda has already returned home to Seattle.

 


The most famous trial of all might be the O.J. Simpson trial where in 1995. He was acquitted of the 1994 murder of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman after a lengthy and internationally publicized criminal trial, the People v. Simpson.

However since then In September 2007, Simpson was arrested in Vegas and charged with numerous felonies including armed robbery and kidnapping. He now faces 33 years imprisonment with a minimum of 9 years without parole.

Sunday, March 17, 2013

Mob Violence


1.      The legal dictionary definition of mob violence is “A disturbance of the peace by several persons, assembled and acting with a common intent in executing a lawful or unlawful enterprise in a violent and turbulent manner”. Two examples of mob violence are rioting and lynching.

-          Group violence like this comes to pass when the focus of a crowd converges on a common element and emotions are heightened. In these situations individuals become vulnerable and subjective to the will of the collective group. The conscious mind takes a back seat to the “collective” mind. This change in mindset results in impulsive actions more likely to lack moral responsibility.

 


This article discusses how opponents of the new Arizona Immigration law clashed with police. Police in riot gear arrested more than two dozen people outside municipal offices as more than a hundred protesters blocked streets and held up traffic. This incident took place in 2010 when many people of Hispanic Descent felt that it was a form of racial profiling because it “It requires police officers, “when practicable,” to detain people they reasonably suspect are in the country without authorization and to verify their status with federal officials, unless doing so would hinder an investigation or emergency medical treatment”

 


The first link is about the L.A. Riots. These riots were race riots in response to the beating of Rodney King by numerous LAPD officers. Widespread looting, assault, arson, and murder occurred during the riots, and estimates of property damages topped one billion dollars. The rioting ended after soldiers from the California Army National Guard and U.S. marines from Camp Pendleton were called in to stop the rioting.

 

The Seattle Riots was sparked by the World Trade Organization conference in 1999, they began as a peaceful protest and activists who felt that the corporate globalization was unethical. A few hours into the one-day riot, the police began firing rubber bullets, and tear gas into the crowd of protesters who had begun to smash windows, burn dumpsters, and vandalize stor

Sunday, February 24, 2013

Sexual Assault / Rape Arizona


Sexual Assault/Rape in Arizona

1.      Arizona  Population: 5,998,271

Incidents of Forcible Rape: 1,631

 

2.      Statutes of Limitation For Arizona: Time Limit for Prosecution

-          No time limit for the prosecution of an offense under 13-1423 which is  listed as Violent Sexual Assault

-          For class 2 through 6 felonies, it must be within seven years after the actual discovery by the state or political subdivision having jurisdiction of the offense or discovery by the state or the political subdivision that should have occurred with the exercise of reasonable diligence whichever first occurs.

-          For a misdemeanor it should be within one year after actual discovery by the state or political subdivision having jurisdiction of the offense or discovery by the state or the political subdivision that should have occurred with the exercise of reasonable diligence whoever occurs first

 

3.      Arizona State Law Regarding Rape

-          Rape is defined as a person committing sexual conduct or oral sexual conduct with someone who is under eighteen years of age.

-          The only exception to the statutory rape law is that the victim is between 15-17 and the accused is under 19 or is still in high school and is no more than 24 months older.

 


A former Arizona State University Student who was raped in her dorm room in 2004 by one of the school’s football players will collect $850,000, and the Arizona university system will establish a woman’s safety czar for all three major campuses. The settlement ends a civil lawsuit in 2006 by the former student in court records against Arizona State, the Arizona Board of Regents, then-head football coach Dirk Hoetter, and Darnel Henderson, who allegedly raped her. Henderson was in trouble within days of arriving on campus grabbing and touching women in dorm, exposing himself to female staff etc. When confronted on his misconduct he said he wanted women to fear him and that it was important they know their place.

 

5.      Media


The movie Speak is based of the popular young adult novel by Laurie Halse Anderson that tells the story of Melinda Sordino’s rape, recovery, and confession. After being raped at a party she is tormented by her peers, and keeps the story of her rape to herself until she is able to voice her experience through art expression

 

Another book discussing rape Polygamy’s Rape of Rachel Strong. It is about a woman’s rape by her polygamist stepfather who was forty-five who made claims that he was only living through his religion. She was forced into marriage with him and soon became subject to degrading and dehumanizing sexual acts, until she decided that damnation could be nothing worse than that and decided to leave. Interestingly enough the Utah Attorney Genera declined to prosecute her case, but would not give her a reason why. In present day he now states that Utah now declines to prosecute the crime of bigamy between consenting adults, but will prosecute those against children. He also explained to polygamists that he would not prosecute a religious tenet.

I personally feel that these are both very accurate descriptions of rape. For instance in the first example the young girl is scared to talk about her rape experience. Many victims keep their sexual assault to themselves, and quite frequently it is found that lots of victims suppress those memories and they end up resurfacing at a later date. In the second media example, the polygamist camps in Utah have been in and out of the news for the past couple years most specifically, cases like Rachel’s are the reason most people feel like these radical lifestyles are inappropriate, especially since there are countless situations similar to hers and with victims of a younger age. I think lots of people are on the fence about those cases because they blame the victim for entering into that situation knowing the stigma surrounding.

 

Sunday, February 10, 2013

Hate Crimes: Arizona


Hate Crime Reporting By State 2011: Arizona

Population 6,225,041

Number of Incidents Reported 192

 

Arizona’s State Hate Crime Statutory Provisions Covers

·        Bias-Motivated Violence and intimidation

·        Race, Religion, Ethnicity

·        Sexual Orientation

·        Gender

·        Disability

·        Institutional Vandalism

·        Data Collection

·        Training for Law Enforcement Personnel

Does Not Cover

·        Civil Action

·        Other

Hate Crime in Arizona

Definition

 If the defendant committed a crime out of malice towards the victim because of their identity in a group or because of the defendant’s perception of the victim’s identity because of (race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender or disability) then they will be given an aggravating sentence.

Institutional Vandalism

It is also against the law to burn or cause to be burned a cross on the property of another person without their consent or on a highway, or any other public place with intent to intimidate any person or group of persons.

Data Collection

A person commits aggravated criminal damage by intentionally or recklessly without the express permission of the owner defacing, damaging, or in any way changing the appearance of any building, structure, personal property or place used for worship/any religious purpose.

Article

In an article titled “Racial hate crimes surge 39% in Phoenix” they mention that the number of racially motivated hate crimes in Phoenix had rose from 2009-2010 along with other upswings around the country. Crimes particularly increased for Muslims and Hispanics. They only mention one case of Juan Varela, who as a third generation U.S. citizen was killed. Reports indicated that his neighbor Gary Kelley screamed “Hurry up and go back to Mexico, or you’re going to die,” before he shot Varela. Kelley was convicted of second degree murder and sentenced to 22 years but jurors could not conclude that Kelley’s bias was a motivating factor in the murder, so it wasn’t classified as a hate crime.


Media

Commercial for No Hate against LGBT individuals, created so that youth will stop committing suicide thinking that their struggle will not get harder, but get easier and that they will become accepted.


Trailer for Mississippi Burning a movie about racial discrimination towards African Americans, although it is about race many things in the movie, murders of blacks and blowing up houses of blacks would fall into the category of hate crimes in present day.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUtlJwfNEtI

Saturday, January 26, 2013

Arizona Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence


Arizona law defines “domestic violence” as the occurrence of physical assault, threatening words, intimidation, and harassment by phone and in person, and stalking. It also includes photography/videotaping of personal and private acts such as using the bathroom, or sexual intercourse. Domestic violence can also be attributed to certain crimes against children, and cruel mistreatment of an animal. For the act to be considered, you must have a specific relationship with the abuser. You can get and order of protections if you are or were previously married to the abuser. You can also get one if you are related to the abuser or abusers spouse by blood, marriage, or by court order. You can also file on behalf of someone else if you are the parent or legal guardian of a minor and they are incapable to do so. Same sex victims may also get orders of protection.

In Arizona they have a foundation for Legal Services and Education that administers and coordinates the Arizona Domestic Violence Legal Assistance Project, which provides free legal assistance to victims of domestic violence as well as their families through legal service programs and domestic violence programs across Arizona.


They also provide a list of Grant-Funded Organizations that help domestic violence victims and survivors. Two specific shelters are Sojourner Center, which is located in Phoenix and Faith House. Both of these provide crisis hotlines.  Sojourner Center provides advocacy services and employment assistance for women at the shelter and in the community, as well as family enrichment programs.



Media

PSA on Domestic Violence


Eminem’s Son Love the Way you Lie depicts the cycle of abuse in a relationship